Thus...[not] the question, What are they for? His uncritical admiration for many contemporary poets vanished as he became interested in Gotthold Ephraim Lessing and Christoph Martin Wieland. Referat Johann Wolfgang von Goethe von Julia Grauer Mai 2005 „Denn, was man schwarz auf weiß besitzt, kann man getrost nach Hause tragen.“ Faust I "[49] In this, he anticipated Ewald Hering's opponent colour theory (1872).[50]. 1685 zog er nach Frankfurt am Main und unterhielt hier eine florierende Schneiderei. Liszt and Mahler both created symphonies in whole or in large part inspired by this seminal work, which would give the 19th century one of its most paradigmatic figures: Doctor Faustus. Learn how Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's failed love affairs inspired his works. Followers of the twentieth century esotericist Rudolf Steiner built a theatre named the Goetheanum after him—where festival performances of Faust are still performed. Goethe was one of the very few figures of Germany’s 18th-century literary renaissance who were, in the full sense of the term, bourgeois. Preview referat: Faust de Johann Wolfgang von Goethe . )[18], In 1775, Goethe was invited, on the strength of his fame as the author of The Sorrows of Young Werther, to the court of Karl August, Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, who would become Grand Duke in 1815. Johann’s mother, Catharina Elisabeth Textor (1731–1808), was a daughter of Frankfurt’s most senior official. Jeho slova, která pronesl po návratu z koaličních válek proti francouzské koaliční armádě, se stala památná. Karl Robert Mandelkow, Bodo Morawe: Goethes Briefe. [31], The most important of Goethe's works produced before he went to Weimar were Götz von Berlichingen (1773), a tragedy that was the first work to bring him recognition, and the novel The Sorrows of Young Werther (German: Die Leiden des jungen Werthers) (1774), which gained him enormous fame as a writer in the Sturm und Drang period which marked the early phase of Romanticism. He was against this reading of poetry. Goethe's six-volume autobiography, Aus meinem Leben: Dichtung und Wahrheit (1811-22; trans. Goethe was educated with his sister at home by tutors until he was 16. By the time of his death, in order to gain a comprehensive view in geology, he had collected 17,800 rock samples. Goethe became severely ill in Frankfurt. August and Ottilie had three children: Walther, Freiherr von Goethe (1818–1885), Wolfgang, Freiherr von Goethe [de] (1820–1883) and Alma von Goethe [de] (1827–1844). Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. His focus on morphology and what was later called homology influenced 19th century naturalists, although his ideas of transformation were about the continuous metamorphosis of living things and did not relate to contemporary ideas of "transformisme" or transmutation of species. [102] He emphasized Goethe's "cultural and self-developing individualism", humanism, and cosmopolitanism.[102]. The intimate bond with von Stein lasted for ten years, after which Goethe abruptly left for Italy without giving his companion any notice. "[79][80][81] He was critical of the radicalism of Bentham and expressed sympathy for the prudent liberalism of François Guizot. [109], See Johann Wolfgang von Goethe bibliography, "Goethe" and "Göte" redirect here. [23], Days afterward, on 19 October 1806, Goethe legitimized their 18-year relationship by marrying Christiane in a quiet marriage service at the Jakobskirche in Weimar [de]. He claims to deduce from it that the barometric level varies in the same proportion not only in each zone but that it has the same variation, too, at different altitudes above sea-level". Goethe finished Faust Part Two in the year of his death, and the work was published posthumously. [108], His views make him, along with Adam Smith, Thomas Jefferson, and Ludwig van Beethoven, a figure in two worlds: on the one hand, devoted to the sense of taste, order, and finely crafted detail, which is the hallmark of the artistic sense of the Age of Reason and the neo-classical period of architecture; on the other, seeking a personal, intuitive, and personalized form of expression and society, firmly supporting the idea of self-regulating and organic systems. [47] In 1816, Schopenhauer went on to develop his own theory in On Vision and Colours based on the observations supplied in Goethe's book. [94][95] Goethe came away from the meeting deeply impressed with Napoleon's enlightened intellect and his efforts to build an alternative to the corrupt old regime. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Johann Wolfgang Goethe Jeden z největších světových básníků, mnohostranný umělec, myslitel a vědec se narodil 28. Although Goethe's great passion was drawing, he quickly became interested in literature; Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock and Homer were among his early favorites. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe formally married Christiane Vulpius in October 1806. Der Großvater Goethes, Friedrich Georg Göthé, stammte aus Thüringen. The novel remains in print in dozens of languages and its influence is undeniable; its central hero, an obsessive figure driven to despair and destruction by his unrequited love for the young Lotte, has become a pervasive literary archetype. Born 1749 Frankfurt, Germany ; Studied Law at Liepzig University ; Germanys leading man of poetry, drama, science, theology and humanism in late C18th and early C19th ; Married in 1806 ; Died 1832 Weimar, Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach ; 3 Most famous for Faust. Like Heinrich Heine, Nietzsche mentions in his writings frequently Goethe and Spinoza as a pair. Goethe's influence was dramatic because he understood that there was a transition in European sensibilities, an increasing focus on sense, the indescribable, and the emotional. [58][59] His own descriptions of his relationship to the Christian faith and even to the Church varied widely and have been interpreted even more widely, so that while Goethe's secretary Eckermann portrayed him as enthusiastic about Christianity, Jesus, Martin Luther, and the Protestant Reformation, even calling Christianity the "ultimate religion,"[60] on one occasion Goethe described himself as "not anti-Christian, nor un-Christian, but most decidedly non-Christian,"[61] and in his Venetian Epigram 66, Goethe listed the symbol of the cross among the four things that he most disliked. He was an early participant in the Sturm und Drang literary movement. ("Do you know the land where the lemon trees bloom?"). They had already had several children together by this time, including their son, Julius August Walter von Goethe (1789–1830), whose wife, Ottilie von Pogwisch (1796–1872), cared for the elder Goethe until his death in 1832. In 1919, the world premiere complete production of Faust was staged at the Goetheanum. The body lay naked, only wrapped in a white sheet; large pieces of ice had been placed near it, to keep it fresh as long as possible. More importantly, however, the work of Johann Joachim Winckelmann had provoked a general renewed interest in the classical art of ancient Greece and Rome. Author of. Er war Schneider von Beruf und arbeitete mehrere Jahre in Frankreich. Bug Yoda 3,522 views. “Goethe's Criticisms, Reflections, and Maxims” 55 Copy quote. Goethe was, however, the first to systematically study the physiological effects of colour, and his observations on the effect of opposed colours led him to a symmetric arrangement of his colour wheel, "for the colours diametrically opposed to each other ... are those which reciprocally evoke each other in the eye. The next work, his epic closet drama Faust, was completed in stages. Dobře znal i lteraturu v těchto jazycích psanou. His written account of these events can be found within his Complete Works. [7] All their children, with the exception of Johann Wolfgang and his sister, Cornelia Friederica Christiana, who was born in 1750, died at early ages. [25] During that time he also developed a deep emotional bond with the Polish pianist Maria Agata Szymanowska.[26]. [82] At the time of the French Revolution, he thought the enthusiasm of the students and professors to be a perversion of their energy and remained skeptical of the ability of the masses to govern. "[93] The two discussed politics, the writings of Voltaire, and Goethe's Sorrows of Young Werther, which Napoleon had read seven times and ranked among his favorites. Goethe took revenge by starting his first mature play, Die Mitschuldigen (1787; “Partners in Guilt”), a verse comedy showing a woman’s regrets after a year of marriage to the wrong man. Das „von“ erhält er, als er 1782 geadelt wird. Goethe also received lessons in dancing, riding and fencing. In camera de studiu a lui Faust, cainele se transforma in Mephisto. Although in his academic work he had expressed the ambition to make jurisprudence progressively more humane, his inexperience led him to proceed too vigorously in his first cases, and he was reprimanded and lost further ones. His father, Johann Caspar Goethe (1710–82), the son of a wealthy tailor-turned-innkeeper, was a man of leisure who lived on his inherited fortune and devoted himself, after studying law in Leipzig and Strasbourg and touring Italy, France, and the Low Countries, to collecting books and paintings and to the education of his children. [91] His non-fiction writings, most of which are philosophic and aphoristic in nature, spurred the development of many thinkers, including Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Schopenhauer, Søren Kierkegaard, Friedrich Nietzsche, Ernst Cassirer, and Carl Jung. Goethe, aside from official duties, was also a friend and confidant to the Duke, and participated fully in the activities of the court. The short epistolary novel, Die Leiden des jungen Werthers, or The Sorrows of Young Werther, published in 1774, recounts an unhappy romantic infatuation that ends in suicide. The Frankfurt in which he was born and in which his social attitudes were formed was, as it is now, a wealthy commercial and financial centre, but it was also virtually a self-governing republic, a city-state within the Holy Roman Empire. August 1749 in Frankfurt am Main geboren. Mit dem Erbe konnte sich Goethes Vater, Johann Caspar Goethe, bereits im Alter von 32 Jahren zur Ruhe setzen und seinen Interessen nachgehen. (1749 – 1832) Johann Wolfgang von Goethe se narodil 28. ... Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: Der Zauberlehrling - … Vol. Every day I observe more and more the folly of judging of others by ourselves; and I have so much trouble with myself, and my own heart is in such constant agitation, that I am well content to let others pursue their own course, if they only allow me the same privilege. 27, 1828), and the cantata Die erste Walpurgisnacht (The First Walpurgis Night, Op. During this period Goethe published his second novel, Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship; the verse epic Hermann and Dorothea, and, in 1808, the first part of his most celebrated drama, Faust. Faust became the ur-myth of many figures in the 19th century. Arnold Bergsträsser, "Goethe's View of Christ", Gálik, Marián (1975), "Two Modern Chinese Philosophers on Spinoza (Some Remarks on Sino-German Spinoza's '. I laid my hand on his heart – there was a deep silence – and I turned away to give free vent to my suppressed tears. In Leipzig, Goethe fell in love with Anna Katharina Schönkopf and wrote cheerful verses about her in the Rococo genre. Nachher bekommt ihr einige Fragen zum Gesagtem. Von 1994 bis 2008 war er Vorsitzender der Gerhart-Hauptmann-Stiftung Kloster auf Hiddensee. The literary estate of Goethe in the Goethe and Schiller Archives was inscribed on UNESCO's Memory of the World Register in 2001 in recognition of its historical significance.[103]. Goethe admitted that he "shot his hero to save himself": a reference to Goethe's own near-suicidal obsession with a young woman during this period, an obsession he quelled through the writing process. This prematurely terminated his career as a lawyer after only a few months. [40] While not the only one in his time to question the prevailing view that this bone did not exist in humans, Goethe, who believed ancient anatomists had known about this bone, was the first to prove its existence in all mammals. His last words, according to his doctor Carl Vogel, were, Mehr Licht! His works include: four novels; epic and lyric poetry; prose and verse dramas; memoirs; an autobiography; literary and aesthetic criticism; and treatises on botany, anatomy, and colour. In the decades which immediately followed its publication in 1816, Italian Journey inspired countless German youths to follow Goethe's example. Goethe’s mother, Catharina Elisabeth Textor (1731–1808), was one of the daughters of Frankfurt’s most senior official and was a lively woman closer in age to her son than to her husband. Narodil se 28.8. Goethes Vater studierte in Leipzig Recht. phil. He fell in love with the daughter of an innkeeper, Käthchen Schönkopf, but she preferred someone more solid, a lawyer who eventually became deputy burgomaster of Leipzig. [54], Many of Goethe's works, especially Faust, the Roman Elegies, and the Venetian Epigrams, depict erotic passions and acts. Goethe composed literary works and established artistic principles that had a profound influence on his contemporaries throughout Europe, and which are still looked to as models. The luck was Goethe's, the steadfastness was displayed by Christiane. V dětství se naučil několik cizích jazyků a dobře kreslit. [104] However, he was critical of Bacon's inductive method and approach based on pure classification. The Lover’s Caprice), begun in 1767. Die Romantik BIOGRAFIE Der Erlkönig Notiere mit! Although the accuracy of Goethe's observations does not admit a great deal of criticism, his aesthetic approach did not lend itself to the demands of analytic and mathematical analysis used ubiquitously in modern Science. Perhaps the single most influential piece is "Mignon's Song" which opens with one of the most famous lines in German poetry, an allusion to Italy: "Kennst du das Land, wo die Zitronen blühn?" He is considered the greatest German literary figure of the modern era. [41] In 1790, he published his Metamorphosis of Plants. In any case this business of hatred between nations is a curious thing. He could be said to stand in the same relation to the culture of the era that began with the Enlightenment and continues to the present day as William Shakespeare does to the culture of the Renaissance and Dante to the culture of the High Middle Ages. In 1782, when the chancellor of the Duchy's Exchequer left his office, Goethe agreed to act in his place for two and a half years; this post virtually made him prime minister and the principal representative of the Duchy. "[78], Politically, Goethe described himself as a "moderate liberal. It was while reciting a certain verse that he was struck with the epiphany that would lead to the idea of the rotating magnetic field and ultimately, alternating current. Goethe studied law at Leipzig University from 1765 to 1768. I wished for a lock of his hair; but reverence prevented me from cutting it off. "[27], Mendelssohn was invited to meet Goethe on several later occasions,[28] and set a number of Goethe's poems to music. Berühmt ist auch Goethes Farbenlehre. [39] Goethe's studies (notably with an elephant's skull lent to him by Samuel Thomas von Soemmerring) led him to independently discover the human intermaxillary bone, also known as "Goethe's bone", in 1784, which Broussonet (1779) and Vicq d'Azyr (1780) had (using different methods) identified several years earlier. Already at this time, Goethe wrote a good deal, but he threw away nearly all of these works, except for the comedy Die Mitschuldigen. [5] Nietzsche wrote, "Four pairs it was that did not deny themselves to my sacrifice: Epicurus and Montaigne, Goethe and Spinoza, Plato and Rousseau, Pascal and Schopenhauer. In April 1770, Goethe left Frankfurt in order to finish his studies at the University of Strasbourg. Italian Journey only covers the first year of Goethe's visit. Goethe's original draft of a Faust play, which probably dates from 1773–74, and is now known as the Urfaust, was also published after his death.[36]. Another emotional factor in the poet’s childhood that may have affected his later development was a love-hate relationship with a younger brother, who died in 1759 at age six: Goethe’s later relationships with literary contemporaries were ambiguous, though he nonetheless described them as “brothers,” and he was repelled by literary and artistic representations of death. He also contributed to the planning of Weimar's botanical park and the rebuilding of its Ducal Palace.[4][b]. Schuler.[11]. Schopenhauer cited Goethe's novel Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship as one of the four greatest novels ever written, along with Tristram Shandy, La Nouvelle Héloïse and Don Quixote. Johann Wolfgang Goethe, od roku 1782 von Goethe (28. srpna 1749 Frankfurt nad Mohanem – 22. března 1832 Výmar, Sasko-výmarské vévodství), byl německý básník, prozaik, dramatik a politik.. Narodil se ve svobodném říšském městě Frankfurtu nad Mohanem jako syn velmi zámožné rodiny. [38] He wrote several works on morphology, and colour theory. Goethe was fascinated by writers such as Homer and Ovid, and committed whole passages of these texts to heart. [30] He is buried in the Ducal Vault at Weimar's Historical Cemetery. [10] He adored Caritas Meixner (1750–1773), a wealthy Worms trader's daughter and friend of his sister, who would later marry the merchant G. F. Stretched upon his back, he reposed as if asleep; profound peace and security reigned in the features of his sublimely noble countenance. The restaurant Auerbachs Keller and its legend of Faust's 1525 barrel ride impressed him so much that Auerbachs Keller became the only real place in his closet drama Faust Part One. Johann Wolfgang Goethe wurde am 28. This is pictured, somewhat satirically, in George Eliot's Middlemarch. Goethe's secretary Riemer reports: 'Although already undressed and wearing only his wide nightgown... he descended the stairs towards them and inquired what they wanted from him.... His dignified figure, commanding respect, and his spiritual mien seemed to impress even them.' 1749 ve Frankfurtu nad Mohanem. : Bernhardt, Rüdiger: Erläuterungen zu Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Die Leiden des jungen Werther Prof. Dr. sc. Indeed, Werther is often considered to be the "spark" which ignited the movement, and can arguably be called the world's first "best-seller." Goethe's ideas on evolution would frame the question that Darwin and Wallace would approach within the scientific paradigm. Früher u.d.T. 8. Letter to Boisserée dated 22 March 1831 quoted in Peter Boerner, McCabe, Joseph. [35] Epistolary novels were common during this time, letter-writing being a primary mode of communication. Truth and poetry: from my own life", "A meeting of genius: Beethoven and Goethe, July 1812", "The Emergence of the Idea of Evolution in the Time of Goethe", "The Experiment as Mediator between Subject and Object", "The Theory of Knowledge Implicit in Goethe's World Conception", the only Latin book he had ever seen me reading, "The literary estate of Goethe in the Goethe and Schiller Archives", "Wizard: The Life and Times of Nikola Tesla: Biography of a Genius", "Goethe and the Science of the Enlightenment", Works by or about Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Works by and about Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in University Library JCS Frankfurt am Main: Digital Collections Judaica, Free scores of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's texts, Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen, Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe&oldid=995706691, 18th-century German dramatists and playwrights, 19th-century German dramatists and playwrights, Members of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences, Members of the Zentrale Dombauverein zu Köln von 1842, Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, Articles with German-language sources (de), Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from July 2017, Articles with incomplete citations from May 2020, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2017, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Botanist identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Léonore identifiers, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers, Wikipedia articles with RKDartists identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with TDVİA identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 22 December 2020, at 13:28. Return to Weimar and the French Revolution (1788–94), https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johann-Wolfgang-von-Goethe, Poetry Foundation - Biography of Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Biography of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, The University of Adelaide - Biography of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, AllMusic - Biography of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Academy of American Poets - Biography of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Theatre Database - Biography of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). He is also widely quoted. (The Duke at the time was 18 years of age, to Goethe's 26.) In 1770, he anonymously released Annette, his first collection of poems.

Het Heijderbos Umgebung Restaurants, Delphi Friedrichshafen Speisekarte, Quark Vor Dem Schlafen Muskelaufbau, Ostsee Mit Baby, Emil Und Die Detektive Ganzer Film Kostenlos, Em Song 2012 Deutschland, Haller Tagblatt Digital,