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SELMA, Ala. -- March 7, 1965, will forever be etched in American history as "Bloody Sunday." On that fateful day, 600 civil rights activists gathered in Selma, Alabama, to begin a 52-mile march to . Law enforcement authorities estimate that different Albanian mafia families may smuggle as much as 440 pounds of heroin a year into Scandinavia at any given time. The tension between Tejanos and Californios also illustrated the restrictive and complicated parameters of membership for prison gangs. Plaurent "Lenti" Dervisha : On the Interpol's and FBI's most wanted list as being the leading member of a criminal organization based out of Durrs , Albania , who Albanian authorities say is the brother-in-law of Lul Berisha ;a reputed leader of one of the 15 mafia families. These homicides were in part, primarily caused by the war between the Texas Syndicate and the newly formed Texas Mexican Mafia who sought to gain the reins of power as the building tender system was being demolished. From the time that Sandoval began as a new boot in the summer of 1985 until late 1986, he began to be enveloped into a slippery process of criminal activity that began with something as commonplace as the lighting of an inmates cigarette. (Gang Intelligence 101), In 2001, Texas Syndicate members murder ex member Hector Camacho in the Rio Grande Valley for his efforts in starting an offshoot TS chapter called Tejano Syndicato Originales (Sierra v. State, No. On January 30, 1972, British soldiers stationed in the Northern Irish city of Derry opened fire on crowds of unarmed civilian protesters, killing 13, mortally wounding another, and injuring 15 others with unprecedented brutality. Sat Jan 22 2022 - 06:00. On a cold Sunday, the 22 nd of January, 1905, tens of thousands of workers in St. Petersburg, the capital of Russia, marched to the Tsar's splendorous Winter Palace to deliver a petition. Both the Texas Syndicate and Mexikanemi team up against the Barrio Azteca. Paul Vanden Boeynants was released (physically unharmed) a month later, on 13 February, when an undisclosed ransom was paid to the perpetrators. This problematic worldview clouded his outlook as a prison guard. Reporters tried to investigate the roots of Albanian organized crime but have complained that it is too hard to penetrate the structure and organization of the Albanian mafia, but set out that the Albanian mafia acts on the model of the Italian one, whose crime is part of the "activities of entire families" and which has a clearly defined hierarchy. Albanian organized crime has created new and unique problems for law-enforcement officers around the country, even threatening to displace La Cosa Nostra (LCN) families as kingpins of U.S. crime, according to FBI officials. PHOTO: Crowd of petitioners, led by Father Gapon, near Narva Gate, St. Petersburg. The Azteca's murder their TS victim by slamming his head through jail bars. While Sandoval hid from authorities prior to the trial he wrote and sent a 24-page letter to his mother Delia Sandoval, whom he asked to then send it to members of the media. Away from his home and in a foreign environment, it was easy for him to fall in and develop relations with them. The murder involved a cocaine deal gone badly. In 1993, the Barrio Azteca brutally beat and murder a Texas Syndicate member in the El Paso county jail causing the Texas Syndicate to alliance it's self with the Mexikanemi. Race and Ethnicity in Alice, TX. Riggs, Robert. On Monday [June 24], at eight in the morning, Sandoval reported for duty at the Ellis I training academy in Huntsville (Draper, 1991) where he eventually secured employment with the TDC as a prison guard after completing several weeks of mandatory training. Prison officials argued prison gangs grew because the collapse of the building tender system created a power vacuum. (Gang Intelligence 101), In 1986, Texas Syndicate member Rogelio Hernandez murders Officer Jose Herrera during an attempted escape from the Webb County Jail. Sandoval also highlighted the racial issues that Mexican American prison staff faced. The process of downing the duck is described as an inmate or a group of inmates manipulating a guard or staff member into undertaking very small tasks perceived to be innocuous. The rising racial tensions finally bubbled over into bloodshed in the nearby town of Marion on February 18, 1965, when state troopers clubbed protestors and fatally shot 26-year-old Jimmie Lee. These prison gang related homicides from the war between the Texas Syndicate and the Texas Mexican Mafia were not only happening in the Ellis I unit, it stretched beyond and consumed the entirety of Texas prison units. Sandovals whole experience within Texas prisons was encased within these various historical processes. Employment opportunities were not plentiful in South Texas, and so the next day, a Sunday [June 23], the newlyweds threw their possessions into a suitcase and a grocery bag, and drove Sandovals Datsun to Conroe (Draper, 1991). Hernandez, who was serving a life sentence plus eight years for Travis County convictions of attempted capital murder and illegal possession of a firearm, was the second-in-command of the Texas Syndicate prison gang. The Texas Syndicate, more than La Eme or Nuestra Familia, has been more associated or allied with Mexican immigrant prisoners, such as the "Border Brothers", while La Eme and the NF tend to be more composed of US-born/raised Hispanics. The Mexican Mafia for example, was formed in 1957 in the Deuel Vocational Institution in Tracy, California and is one of the earliest formed prison gangs to still exist, and continues to exhibit power inside and outside prisons. He could not return to employment at the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. These acts also garner the most attention as violence is habitually presented by the media, and more commonly consumed by the public. Believed by MI6 to be Albanian, Le Chiffre is banker to the world's terrorist organizations. As a street gang, heavy activity has been reported in Austin, Texas, Corpus Christi, Texas, the Rio Grande Valley and the Dallas Fort Worth area. He was digging himself deeper into their clutches and soon found himself processing a money order of two hundred and fifty dollars and was paid a percentage of that. On September 7, 1916 Nicholas Terranova was murdered, giving the Camorra gangs the advantage. TheTexas Syndicate(or Syndicato Tejano) is a mostly Texas-based prison gang that includes Hispanic and at one time White members (The organization at one time did allow non-Hispanic members to join, but that policy was repealed in the 1980s). Texas prisons were mostly gang-free until bloody battles broke out in 1984-85 between the Mexican Mafia and Texas Syndicate as well as the Aryan Brotherhood and Mandingo Warriors. It simultaneously illustrated that race was crucial to membership, belonging, and trust, but it was also used as a predatory and manipulative tool to further advance their objectives of revenue creation. (Gang Intelligence 101), In 1986, Texas Syndicate members brutally murdered 3 Mexikanemi members in the Darrington Unit in Rosharon, Texas. Ismail Lika : Ismail Lika was an Albanian mobster active in New York City in the 1980s. Rent $3.99 Buy $12.99 While violence was a problem for both guards and inmates, there were also non-violent measures explored by prison gangs. When the task was not accepted or completed by a member, then they were green lit which meant they became a target within their own prison gang because they refused to follow orders (Riggs, 2011). Zef Mustafa : Albanian Mafia kingpin based out of New York. South Texas Syndicate estimated lease property, in the most recent month of production (10-01-2022), produced 159 bbls of oil and 0 mcf of natural gas. However, there was another way in which prison gangs pursued and successfully maintained their power. The only known members are Dardan Petrela, Kalem Vulaj, and Bledar Morina. The murder involves a state wide war between both prison gangs. Director Paul Greengrass Writer Paul Greengrass Stars James Nesbitt Tim Pigott-Smith Nicholas Farrell And all he came down with was a five-year sentence (Riggs, 2011). Osmani Brothers : According to the German Federal Intelligence Service (BND) the Osmani brothers as the "most important figures of organized crime in Hamburg and other cities in Germany" Adriatik Coli : Leader of one of the most powerful "15 families" known as " Banda e Lul Berishs" based in Durrs , Albania . The day would be labeled Bloody Sunday. Robert Draper, a journalist for the Texas Monthly provided an apt description of this homicide scene: Help me, Boss! Turning around, Sandoval saw a Hispanic inmate [Cesario Gonzales] standing behind a hallway crash-gate, clinging to the bars with both hands. After his short stop off at Conroe, they made their way to Huntsville, the capital of the Texas Department of Corrections, and since 1989 known as the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. Testifying for murder defendant and former Ellis I guard Luis Sandoval, a string of prison employees said the doors were left open despite a policy requiring that they be locked at all times (McKay, 1991). In Television In the " Law and Order: Criminal Intent " episode "Blasters" (Season 6, Episode 9) two former childstars involved in bootlegging ring are being hunted down by the Albanian mob. Klimko, Frank. A former car dealership displays a graffiti representation of Bloody Sunday on its boarded facade. Sandoval was eventually found not guilty on May 29, 1991 after jurors deliberated for only approximately half an hour. Belgium The Albanian mafia has deep roots in Belgium, which was recently a topic of a special programme on Belgian RTBF Channel One. During Sandovals trial, witnesses told a Walker County jury that doors in the Ellis I prison units south end were routinely left unlocked by guards in 1986. Morales explains, he gets a life sentence and he ends up doing thirty-five, forty years, or whatever before he even comes up for parole. Moreover, the Albanian mafia families are organized in 3-4 or more levels, which enable them to preserve the organizational action capability even in case some of its members or groups are captured. Border Brothers, Tri City Bombers, Texas Mafia, Dirty White Boys, Mexikanemi, Mexican Mafia, Nuestra Familia, Aryan Brotherhood, Mandingo Warriors, Black Guerrilla Family, REGISTER NOW TO BEGIN TRAINING FOR YOUR GANG SPECIALIST CERTIFICATION. Five months earlier, in August 1971 and against a backdrop of escalating violence and increased bombings in Northern Ireland, a new law was introduced giving the authorities the power to imprison . November 13, 1987. Just a few weeks before the Cesario Gonzales homicide that Luis Sandoval witnessed, Arturo Astro Aguilar, a Texas Mexican Mafia member was murdered on August 22, 1985 in the Eastham Unit by the Texas Syndicate. Here is also where the earliest prison gangs were formed. Bloody Sunday, demonstration in Londonderry (Derry), Northern Ireland, on Sunday, January 30, 1972, by Roman Catholic civil rights supporters that turned violent when British paratroopers opened fire, killing 13 and injuring 14 others (one of the injured later died). 3. Fields such as criminal justice, sociology, and criminology have provided vast research into prison gangs, and more specifically Mexican American prison gangs. Many of these Mexican American inmates who became prison gang members had to submit to a serious requirement for membership and could only leave the gang through their death. Albanian mafia The Albanian Mafia or Albanian Organized Crime are the general terms used for criminal organizations based in Albania or composed of ethnic Albanians . Thus, the public generally perceives prison gangs and their activity to be violent. Building tenders were also selected from the inmate population pool who were deemed more aggressive and violent to ensure strict control through violence and fear. This would also provide an insight into the reach of prison gangs like the Texas Syndicate towards prison guards. The issues of guards becoming corrupted continued and continues well into the 2010s. Today, November 21, 2020, is 100 years since the events known as ' Bloody Sunday' in Dublin in 1920. However, after the disturbance was quelled, in an adjacent room, Leonel Perezs body was found. Vincent continued operating from Brooklyn and Ciro continued expanding his operations in East Harlem and The Bronx. Sandoval grew up in Alice, TX, a city with a population of approximately 20,000. Money has been transferred by the couriers in special waist belts with many pockets. This new type of exploitation of the guards was also facilitated because many new guards had been hired as mandated by law as prison rights gains were made through several prominent legal court cases, primarily Lamar v. Coffield. Two Texas Syndicate gang members were sentenced today to a combined 50 years in prison for drug trafficking in Lubbock, announced U.S. Attorney for the Northern District of Texas Erin Nealy Cox. Prior to the creation of this new prosecutorial arm of the Texas prison system, individual prison units handled internal criminal or objectionable acts and handed out punishment that they perceived fitting for the crime outside the confines of courtrooms. Blacks had a virtual non-existent population in Alice, and the greater South Texas region for that matter. Inmates used this perceived racial brotherhood to manipulate Sandoval for the gains of the prison gangs illegal activity by initiating the common process in prisons called downing the duck (Bedard, 2013). "What we have here might be considered a sixth crime family," after the five Mafia organizations Bonanno, Colombo, Gambino, Genovese and Lucchese said Fred Snelling, head of the FBI's criminal division in New York. However, they still maintain their headquarters in California, where their national president resides, and their numbers continue to reach into state and federal prisons across the US. He also met his future wife Veronica in the tenements across the street from Texas A&I University which became Texas A&M UniversityKingsville, where Sandoval attended college for three years (Draper, 1991). But Sandoval, Mexican American prison gangs, and the larger story of the Mexican American experience within the context of prisons illustrate themes of criminalization, hegemony, and self-determination, topics wholeheartedly important to Mexican American history. One former prison gang member, Jesus Valverde reflected on the toxic pressure to commit violence for a prison gang and exposed the problems it forced on these Mexican American prison gang members. For incarcerated Mexican Americans from Texas, Tejano identity was seen as an important component by the Texas Syndicate for admission. (Gang Intelligence 101), In 1984, the Texas Syndicate declares war on the Mexikanemi. The details of exactly who he saw murdered were not clear but according to homicide records, the victim was probably Cesario Gonzales who was killed on August 31, 1985. In the movie " In With Thieves " A blood diamond deal goes wrong which throws Albanian Mafioso into chaos in the criminal underworld. Jose Lopez, founding member of the Texas Mexican Mafia stated, once you know you get out well youre marked by the gang for extermination (Riggs, 2011). The Artichoke King Ciro "The Artichoke King" Terranova controlled the 116th Street Crew during the prohibition era. (Gang Intelligence 101), In April 2002, members of the Texas Syndicate murder a Tango Blast member at the J.B. Connally state prison. Texas Syndicate Tattoos: Crim. This moment was set during the height of prison gang violence that struck the TDCJ during the mid-1980s. Here, it could be heard that they are even more dangerous than Cosa Nostra . The victim, who was also a TS member was wrestled down and intentionally overdosed with a shot of heroin. "On the 27th of July 1999 police in Durres (Albania), with Italian assistance arrested one of the godfathers of the "Sacra Corona Unita", Puglias Italian Mafia. The history of Ireland: 11 milestone moments. Sandovals attorney, Steve Fischer, had helped Sandoval in his trial by successfully eliminating the option for the prosecutor to illustrate the connection of Sandoval to the criminal activity. H. Christoph/ullstein bild/Getty Images Young man shot by the British military on Bloody Sunday. bloody sunday Dem Leaders Urged to Mark Bloody Sunday by Acting on Voting Rights, Economic Justice "This is no time for foolishness, photo-ops, and flaky commitments," declares a letter from faith leaders including Bishop William Barber II and Rev. They continued the war and within month's police began arresting top members of the Camorra gangs. Under Sandovals watch on December 17, 1986 Joe Arredondo, a Texas Syndicate member was found murdered. Le Chiffre is the main villain of the 2006 James Bond film, Casino Royale , portrayed by Danish actor Mads Mikkelsen . While Sandoval was found not guilty and was vindicated, it came at a cost. In popular culture In films An Albanian criminal organization in Paris is responsible for the kidnapping of Liam Neeson 's character's daughter in Taken . Furthermore, the ability of inmates to force the prison administrators to hear their grievances was developed from the successes of prison reform. The pursuit of ethnic solidarity was also encapsulated within Luis Sandovals experiences, but as a prison guard and as a witness to these violent acts. On Sunday, March 7, 1965, time stopped and blood spilled as brave and righteous Americans sought to cross a bridge named after a Klansman in Selma . Simmons published in Prison Legal News October, 2004, page 39. Photographer Helped Expose Brutality Of Selma's 'Bloody Sunday' : Code Switch Some of the most iconic images of marchers being attacked by Alabama state troopers at the Edmund Pettus Bridge in . It was also against the guidelines of the Texas prison system. F or many on both sides of the Irish Sea, the killing of 14 unarmed civil rights demonstrators by members of the British army's Parachute Regiment on Bloody Sunday in 1972 remains the defining . At this point Sandoval, along with other guards, or staff members became the duck and were now leveraged against by the inmates as the victims or co-conspirators dug themselves deeper into the clutches of the inmates bidding as a representative of a prison gang. If the guard or staff member refused or rejected the task, the inmate(s) then informed them that they would notify prison administrators of previous favors (Bedard, 2013). With the Texas prison administration on alert with the rise of homicides, unit officials had to respond quickly to disturbances. * Overlapping "TS", or an "S" superimposed over a "T", * longhorn steer horns, or any figure with horns, Criminal activities: Ethnicity and state identity likewise impacted Luis H. Sandovals relationships with inmates. Activists who gathered virtually and in person to commemorate a pivotal day in the civil rights struggle that became known as Bloody Sunday called on people to continue the fight for voting rights as they also honored giants of the civil rights movement, including the late U.S. Rep. John Lewis, who died last year. He was twenty-one and she was fifteen. Ultimately, as the histories of prison continue to expand, the inclusion of Mexican Americans as an integral population to its history is necessary; we grow to contest the views of Mexican Americans as a criminalized population, discern an increased incarcerated population, and also recognize them becoming institutional operatives of the prison system itself. Coppola later moved to South Florida and effectively retired. This is a listing of enterprises, gangs, mafias, and syndicates that are involved in organized crime. The expiration of membership or getting out only occurred upon the members death. Coppola's policy racket Michael "Trigger Mike" Coppola, was a top lieutenant in the 116th Street crew of Ciro Terranova. The Texas Syndicate was established at Folsom State Prison in California in 1978 in direct response to the other California prison gangs, notably the Aryan Brotherhood and Mexican Mafia, which were attempting to prey on native Texas inmates. Relinquishing membership was not allowed. Dubbed the king of the New York drug underworld, Ismail Lika issued a contract on Rudy Giuliani 's prosecutors in 1985. On January 30 . Albanian organized crime is active in Albania , the United States , and the European Union (EU) countries, participating in a diverse range of criminal enterprises including drug and arms trafficking . In July 2007, Texas Syndicate members murder Marcelino "Mars" Rodriguez Torres in Mc Allen, Texas after the gang suspects Rodriguez is a police informant. He quite simply may have wanted or needed the money. High ranking Texas Syndicate member Ricardo "Serrucho" Ortiz is given the death penalty for his involvement in the crime. Bloody Sunday in Derry, January 30 . (El Paso Times), On August 17, 1997, Texas Syndicate members murder Gerardo Garcia in the El Paso County Jail. MSU is an affirmative-action, equal-opportunity employer. Mexican Americans prison gangs are the focus of this study as they have been the most disruptive and most influential in impacting Texas prison institutions and administrations. 402K subscribers 2 No views 1 minute ago ESPN's Matt Barrie is back for Week 6's Sunday Bloody Sunday to talk through the interim coaches prowess, Alabama's win over Texas A&M, Tennessee. An official inquiry in 2010 found that none of those killed by the British . Many prison gang members were sentenced to prison on non-homicide charges and were incarcerated for charges such as burglary. 14764 03/20/1991 278TH Judicial District Court, Scholarships and Resources for Hispanic and Latino Students. But, soon after the murder of Joe Arredondo, Sandoval was charged with the crime and inmates who were allegedly present provided corroborating details. Sandovals Early Beginnings The Texas Syndicate's activities include drug trafficking, extortion, prostitution, protection, gambling, and contract murder. Albanian "banks" in Germany are a special story. In the American TV show " No Ordinary Family " episode "No-Ordinary Mobster" deals with the main character attempting to stop violent Albanian Mobsters. The process of this type of coercive manipulation was a unique type of influence pursued by prison gangs in the prison system and highlights the nuance and complexity behind prison gang activity. Texas Syndicate Gang Members Busted - Again. The Bloody Sunday killings cast an indelible stain on British history and scarred the life of more than 30 families and the wider communities of Derry. The Boston College Irish Studies program will mark the 50th anniversary of "Bloody Sunday"a tragic milestone in the decades-long Northern Irish conflict, "The Troubles"with a symposium on February 18 and 19 that will examine the events of the fatal day and its legacy.